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# nginx
#### SSL
Création d'un certificat ssl self-signed:
```bash
$ sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/nginx-selfsigned.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt
# => /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt
$ sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 2048
# => /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem
$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/snippets/self-signed.conf
# ajouter:
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/nginx-selfsigned.key;
$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/snippets/ssl-params.conf
# ajouter:
# from https://cipherli.st/
# and https://raymii.org/s/tutorials/Strong_SSL_Security_On_nginx.html
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers "EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH";
ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 5s;
# Disable preloading HSTS for now. You can use the commented out header line that includes
# the "preload" directive if you understand the implications.
#add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains; preload";
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains";
add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;
```
Configurer nginx pour qu'il utilise SSL:
```bash
$ sudo cp /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-available/default.bak
$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
```
```nginx
# 1. Redirection http vers https
# /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
root /var/www/debian/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name localhost;
# redirection temporaire (302), permanente (301)
return 302 https://$server_name$request_uri;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}
server {
# SSL configuration
listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
include snippets/self-signed.conf;
include snippets/ssl-params.conf;
}
```
```nginx
# 2. Autoriser http et https
# /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
root /var/www/debian/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name localhost;
return 302 https://$server_name$request_uri;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
include snippets/self-signed.conf;
include snippets/ssl-params.conf;
}
```
Tester la configuration et redémarrer nginx:
```bash
# message normal pour certificat auto-signé
$ sudo /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: [warn] "ssl_stapling" ignored, issuer certificate not found for certificate "/etc/ssl/certs/nginx-selfsigned.crt"
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx
```
Vérifier le status de nginx:
```bash
$ systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2021-07-13 09:30:48 CEST; 2min 58s ago
Docs: man:nginx(8)
Process: 14769 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t -q -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, sta
Process: 14770 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on; (code=exited, status=0/SUC
Main PID: 14771 (nginx)
Tasks: 5 (limit: 4682)
Memory: 5.7M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─14771 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
├─14772 nginx: worker process
├─14773 nginx: worker process
├─14774 nginx: worker process
└─14775 nginx: worker process
```
#### Logs
```bash
/var/log/nginx$ ls -la
-rw-r----- 1 www-data adm 2812 juil. 13 12:00 access.log
-rw-r----- 1 www-data adm 3252 juil. 13 11:51 error.log
```
```bash
$ nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```
```nginx
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
```
#### Utilisation
On commande nginx avec SystemD (Debian 8+, ubuntu 16+, CentOS):
```bash
$ systemctl stop nginx.service
$ systemctl start nginx.service
$ systemctl restart nginx
$ systemctl reload nginx
$ systemctl disable nginx
$ systemctl enable nginx
```
On peut controller directement nginx avec les signals:
```bash
# Relancer nginx
$ sudo /usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
```
Aide:
```bash
$ sudo /usr/sbin/nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit
-V : show version and configure options then exit
-t : test configuration and exit
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/share/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
```
Tester la configuration:
```bash
$ sudo /usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
```
Tester la configuration et l'afficher:
```nginx
$ sudo /usr/sbin/nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
.../...
}
# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-auth-pam.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_auth_pam_module.so;
# configuration file /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-dav-ext.conf:
load_module modules/ngx_http_dav_ext_module.so;
.../...
# configuration file /etc/nginx/mime.types:
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
.../...
}
# configuration file /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:
##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
.../...
root /var/www/html;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name _;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
#
# # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
# fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
# # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
#}
}
# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
# listen 80;
# listen [::]:80;
#
# server_name example.com;
#
# root /var/www/example.com;
# index index.html;
#
# location / {
# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
# }
#}
```
```nginx
http {
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/service/web;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
access_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.access.http.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.error.http.log;
}
server {
listen 443;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /var/service/web;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
access_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.access.https.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.error.https.log;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key;
}
}
```
Site accessible via HTTP et HTTPS:
```nginx
server {
listen 80;
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
server_name example.com example;
access_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.access.http.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.error.http.log;
}
server {
listen 443;
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
server_name example.com example;
access_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.access.https.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/myexample.error.https.log;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key;
}
```
Reverse proxy:
```nginx
upstream mysite {
server localhost:8080;
}
server {
server_name mysite.local;
location / {
proxy_pass http://mysite.local;
}
}
```
PHP:
```nginx
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
```
Redirige les www. vers la version sans www
```nginx
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.monsupersite.fr;
return 301 http://monsupersite.fr$request_uri;
}
```