Update 23-01-2020

2020-01-25 06:47:22 +01:00
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+# Installer Perl
+
+
+
+macOS Catalina est livré avec Perl:
+
+```bash
+$ which perl
+/usr/bin/perl
+
+$ perl -v
+
+This is perl 5, version 18, subversion 4 (v5.18.4) built for darwin-thread-multi-2level
+(with 2 registered patches, see perl -V for more detail)
+```
+
+
+
+### Homebrew:
+
+On peut installer une version plus récente de Perl avec Homebrew:
+
+```bash
+$ brew install perl
+```
+
+```bash
+$ brew info perl
+zsh: correct 'perl' to 'perl5' [nyae]? n
+
+perl: stable 5.30.0 (bottled), HEAD
+Highly capable, feature-rich programming language
+https://www.perl.org/
+/usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.30.0 (2,440 files, 61.8MB) *
+  Poured from bottle on 2019-08-04 at 13:32:46
+From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/perl.rb
+==> Options
+--HEAD
+	Install HEAD version
+==> Caveats
+By default non-brewed cpan modules are installed to the Cellar. If you wish
+for your modules to persist across updates we recommend using `local::lib`.
+
+You can set that up like this:
+  PERL_MM_OPT="INSTALL_BASE=$HOME/perl5" cpan local::lib
+  echo 'eval "$(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/perl5)"' >> ~/.zshrc
+```
+
+```bash
+$ which perl
+/usr/local/bin/perl
+
+$ perl -v
+
+This is perl 5, version 30, subversion 0 (v5.30.0) built for darwin-thread-multi-2level
+
+Copyright 1987-2019, Larry Wall
+
+Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
+GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.
+
+Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
+this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl".  If you have access to the
+Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.
+```
+
+#### cpan:
+
+**cpan** gère les modules Perl.
+
+```bash
+$ cpan
+Loading internal logger. Log::Log4perl recommended for better logging
+
+CPAN.pm requires configuration, but most of it can be done automatically.
+If you answer 'no' below, you will enter an interactive dialog for each
+configuration option instead.
+
+Would you like to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes] yes
+
+
+Autoconfiguration complete.
+
+commit: wrote '/Users/bruno/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'
+
+You can re-run configuration any time with 'o conf init' in the CPAN shell
+Terminal does not support AddHistory.
+
+To fix enter>  install Term::ReadLine::Perl
+
+
+cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.22)
+Enter 'h' for help.
+```
+
+Sans argument, la commande **cpan** ouvre un shell:
+
+```bash
+$ cpan
+Loading internal logger. Log::Log4perl recommended for better logging
+
+cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.27)
+Enter 'h' for help.
+
+cpan[1]> h
+```
+
+```bash
+cpan[1]> h
+
+Display Information                                                  (ver 2.27)
+ command  argument          description
+ a,b,d,m  WORD or /REGEXP/  about authors, bundles, distributions, modules
+ i        WORD or /REGEXP/  about any of the above
+ ls       AUTHOR or GLOB    about files in the author's directory
+    (with WORD being a module, bundle or author name or a distribution
+    name of the form AUTHOR/DISTRIBUTION)
+
+Download, Test, Make, Install...
+ get      download                     clean    make clean
+ make     make (implies get)           look     open subshell in dist directory
+ test     make test (implies make)     readme   display these README files
+ install  make install (implies test)  perldoc  display POD documentation
+
+Upgrade installed modules
+ r        WORDs or /REGEXP/ or NONE    report updates for some/matching/all
+ upgrade  WORDs or /REGEXP/ or NONE    upgrade some/matching/all modules
+
+Pragmas
+ force  CMD    try hard to do command  fforce CMD    try harder
+ notest CMD    skip testing
+
+Other
+ h,?           display this menu       ! perl-code   eval a perl command
+ o conf [opt]  set and query options   q             quit the cpan shell
+ reload cpan   load CPAN.pm again      reload index  load newer indices
+ autobundle    Snapshot                recent        latest CPAN uploads
+```
+
+La commande **cpan** peut aussi s'utiliser avec arguments:
+
+
+
+Avec <u>Perl installé via homebrew</u>, les modules sont installés dans Cellar (`Installing /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.30.0/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.30.0/CPAN/DistnameInfo.pm`). Ils sont donc perdu à chaque mise-à-jour de Perl.
+
+Il est donc conseillé d'utiliser `local::lib`
+
+```bash
+PERL_MM_OPT="INSTALL_BASE=$HOME/perl5" cpan local::lib
+echo 'eval "$(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib=$HOME/perl5)"' >> ~/.zshrc
+
+# les dossiers suivants sont crées:
+#		$HOME/perl5/bin/
+#		$HOME/perl5/lib/
+#		
+# à côté de $HOME/perl5/perlbrew/
+```
+
+Les modules sont alors installés ici `Installing /Users/bruno/perl5/lib/perl5/Log/Log4perl.pm`
+
+
+
+##### Info sur un module:  `cpan -D <module>`
+
+```bash
+$ cpan -D CPAN::DistnameInfo
+Reading '/Users/bruno/.cpan/Metadata'
+  Database was generated on Tue, 17 Dec 2019 07:29:02 GMT
+CPAN::DistnameInfo
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	CPAN: Module::CoreList loaded ok (v5.20190522)
+(no description)
+	G/GB/GBARR/CPAN-DistnameInfo-0.12.tar.gz
+	/usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.30.0/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.30.0/CPAN/DistnameInfo.pm
+	Installed: 0.12
+	CPAN:      0.12  up to date
+	Graham Barr (GBARR)
+	gbarr@pobox.com
+```
+
+
+
+##### Liste des modules installés: `cpan -l`
+
+```bash
+$ cpan -l
+Spiffy	0.46
+YAML	1.29
+CPAN::DistnameInfo	0.12
+App::pmuninstall	0.30
+Test::YAML	1.07
+```
+
+
+
+##### Désintaller un module:
+
+Il n'y a pas de commande prévue pour ça. 
+
+On peut installer [pmuninstall](https://github.com/xaicron/pm-uninstall).
+
+```bash
+$ cpan -i App::pmuninstall
+```
+
+Puis pour désinstaller:
+
+```bash
+$ pm-uninstall -v App::cpnaminus
+```
+
+
+
+##### Modules mis-à-jour:
+
+On peut installer [cpanoutdated](https://github.com/tokuhirom/cpan-outdated)
+
+```bash
+$ cpan -i App::cpanoutdated
+```
+
+et voir les modules 'outdated'
+
+```bash
+$ cpan-outdated -p
+Compress::Raw::Bzip2
+Compress::Raw::Zlib
+Compress::Zlib
+DB_File
+
+$ cpan-outdated
+P/PM/PMQS/Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.093.tar.gz
+P/PM/PMQS/Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.093.tar.gz
+P/PM/PMQS/IO-Compress-2.093.tar.gz
+P/PM/PMQS/DB_File-1.852.tar.gz
+```
+
+
+
+Il est recommandé d'installer les modules suivants:
+
+- Term::ReadLine::Perl (réclamé par le shell cpan)
+
+- CPAN::DistnameInfo (réclamé par l'installeur de module)
+- Log::Log4perl
+
+
+
+### PerlBrew:
+
+On peut installer d'autres versions de Perl avec [PerlBrew](https://perlbrew.pl).
+
+Il faut au préalable installer **berkeley-db**, sans quoi il y aura une erreur à l'installer de Perl avec perlbrew.
+
+```bash
+$ brew install berkeley-db
+```
+
+#### Installation de perlbrew:
+
+```bash
+$ curl -L https://install.perlbrew.pl | bash
+  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
+                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
+100   170  100   170    0     0    245      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   245
+100  1554  100  1554    0     0   1935      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  1935
+
+## Download the latest perlbrew
+
+## Installing perlbrew
+Using Perl </usr/bin/perl>
+perlbrew is installed: ~/perl5/perlbrew/bin/perlbrew
+
+perlbrew root (~/perl5/perlbrew) is initialized.
+
+Append the following piece of code to the end of your ~/.bash_profile and start a
+new shell, perlbrew should be up and fully functional from there:
+
+    source ~/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc
+
+Simply run `perlbrew` for usage details.
+
+Happy brewing!
+
+## Installing patchperl
+
+## Done.
+```
+
+Pour zsh, on ajoute la ligne suivant à `.zshenv`
+
+```bash
+source /Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc
+```
+
+
+
+##### Puis on installe la version de Perl que l'on veux: 
+
+```bash
+# Installer la dernière version de Perl:
+$ perlbrew install [options] stable
+
+# Installer une version précise de Perl:
+$ perlbrew install [options] 5.x.xx
+
+```
+
+##### Liste des versions de Perl installées (dans $PERLBREW_ROOT):
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew list
+  perl-5.30.1
+```
+
+##### On choisit la version que l'on veut utiliser:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew use 5.30.1
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+WARNING: zsh perlbrew sub-shell is not working on Mac OSX Lion.
+
+It is known that on MacOS Lion, zsh always resets the value of PATH on launching
+a sub-shell. Effectively nullify the changes required by perlbrew sub-shell. You
+may `echo $PATH` to examine it and if you see perlbrew related paths are in the
+end, instead of in the beginning, you are unfortunate.
+
+You are advised to include the following line to your ~/.zshenv as a better
+way to work with perlbrew:
+
+    source /Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+A sub-shell is launched with 5.30.1 as the activated perl. Run 'exit' to finish it.
+
+silverbook%
+```
+
+Pour bash, on ajoute `source ~/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc` au *~/.bash_profile*.
+
+Pour zsh, on ajoute `source /Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc` au *~/.zshenv*.
+
+
+
+##### Choisir la version de Perl dans le shell courant:
+
+
+```bash
+# perlbrew use [perl-<version> | <version> | <name>]
+
+$ perlbrew use 5.30.1
+
+$ which perl
+/Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.30.1/bin/perl
+
+$ perl -v
+
+This is perl 5, version 30, subversion 1 (v5.30.1) built for darwin-2level
+(with 1 registered patch, see perl -V for more detail)
+
+Copyright 1987-2019, Larry Wall
+
+Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
+GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit.
+
+Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
+this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl".  If you have access to the
+Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.
+```
+
+##### Afficher la version courante de Perl:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew use
+Currently using perl-5.30.1
+```
+
+##### Changer de version de Perl pour le shell courant et les futures sessions:
+
+```bash
+# perlbrew switch [ <name> ]
+
+$ perlbrew switch perl-5.30.1
+
+# sans paramètre, affiche la version courante
+$ perlbrew switch
+Currently switched to perl-5.30.1
+```
+
+##### Désactiver temporairement perlbrew (dans le shell courant):
+
+```bash
+# et reactiver le Perl par défaut
+$ perlbrew off
+```
+
+##### Désactiver perlbrew:
+
+```bash
+# et reactiver le Perl par défaut
+$ perlbrew switch-off
+
+# pour réactiver perlbrew
+$ perlbrew switch
+```
+
+##### Créer un alias:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew alias [-f] create <name> <alias>
+
+$ perlbrew alias [-f] rename <old_alias> <new_alias>
+
+$ perlbrew alias delete <alias>
+```
+
+##### Exécuter une commande pour chaque version de Perl installée:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew exec perl -e 'print "Hello from $]\n"'
+$ perlbrew exec --with perl-5.12,perl-5.12-debug,perl-5.14.2
+```
+
+##### Variables d'environnement:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew env
+unset PERLBREW_MANPATH
+export PERLBREW_PATH="/Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/bin"
+unset PERLBREW_PERL
+export PERLBREW_ROOT="/Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew"
+export PERLBREW_VERSION="0.87"
+```
+
+##### Installer cpanm:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew install-cpanm
+```
+
+##### Mettre à jour perlbrew:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew self-upgrade
+```
+
+##### Nettoyer les dossier d'installation et les archives:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew clean
+Removing /Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/build/perl-5.30.1
+Removing /Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/dists/perl-5.30.1.tar.gz
+
+Done
+```
+
+##### Afficher la version de perlbrew:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew version
+/Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/bin/perlbrew  - App::perlbrew/0.87
+```
+
+##### Mettre à jour Perl:
+
+```bash
+# met à jour les versions mineurs (5.14.0 -> 5.14.2)
+$ perlbrew upgrade-perl
+```
+
+##### Télécharger Perl:
+
+```bash
+# télécharger l'archive Perl
+$ perlbrew download perl-5.17.3
+```
+
+##### Liste des modules:
+
+```bash
+$ perlbrew list-modules
+Modern::Perl
+```
+
+##### Cloner les modules entre 2 versions de Perl:
+
+```bash
+# perlbrew clone-modules <src_version> <dst_version>
+
+$ perlbrew clone-modules 5.26.1 5.27.7
+```
+
+
+
+#### Installer des modules:
+
+Avec perlbrew, on utilise **cpanm**:
+
+```bash
+$ cpanm Modern::Perl
+--> Working on Modern::Perl
+Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/C/CH/CHROMATIC/Modern-Perl-1.20190727.tar.gz ... OK
+Configuring Modern-Perl-1.20190727 ... OK
+Building and testing Modern-Perl-1.20190727 ... OK
+Successfully installed Modern-Perl-1.20190727
+1 distribution installed
+```
+
+Les modules sont installés ici:
+
+```
+/System/Volumes/Data/Users/bruno/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.30.1/lib/site_perl/5.30.1/darwin-2level/.meta/Modern-Perl-1.20190727
+/System/Volumes/Data/Users/bruno/.cpanm/work/1576489302.28593/Modern-Perl-1.20190727
+```
+
+##### Mise-à-jour de cpanm:
+
+```bash
+$ cpanm --self-upgrade
+It appears your cpanm executable was installed via `perlbrew install-cpanm`.
+cpanm --self-upgrade won't upgrade the version of cpanm you're running.
+
+Run the following command to get it upgraded.
+
+  perlbrew install-cpanm
+```
+
+##### N° de version:
+
+```bash
+$ cpanm --V
+cpanm (App::cpanminus) 1.7044 on perl 5.030000 built for darwin-thread-multi-2level
+Work directory is /Users/bruno/.cpanm/work/1576565969.69495
+You have make /usr/bin/make
+You have /usr/local/bin/wget
+You have /usr/bin/tar: bsdtar 3.3.2 - libarchive 3.3.2 zlib/1.2.11 liblzma/5.0.5 bz2lib/1.0.6
+You have /usr/bin/unzip
+```
+