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mkdocs/docs/macos/homebrew/brew.md
Bruno 21 d52a145fe0 Update 08-12-2019
2019-12-08 18:10:18 +01:00

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Homebrew

:fa-link: https://docs.brew.sh

:fa-link: formulae.brew.sh

Update Homebrew et les formules:

$ brew update

Chercher les M-à-J:

$ brew outdated

# --verbose

Mettre tout à jour:

$ brew upgrade

# --cleanup		Met à jour et supprime les anciennes versions installées.

Formules:

Mettre à jour une formule:

$ brew upgrade <formula>

# --cleanup		Met à jour et supprime les anciennes versions installées.

Installer une formule:

$ brew install <formula>

$ brew install --verbose --debug <formula>

# --build-from-source		Compile la formule depuis la source même si une bottle est disponible. Les dépendances sont installées depuis les bottles.

Installer une formule d’ailleurs la branche:

$ brew install https://raw.github.com/user/repo/branch/formula.rb

Reinstaller une formule depuis les sources:

$ brew reinstall -s <formula>

Desinstaller une formule:

$ brew uninstall <formula>

# --force					toutes les versions de la formule seront effacées
# --ignore-dependencies		desinstallera même si des dépendances restent installées

Desinstaller les anciennes versions d’une formule:

$ brew cleanup <formula>

# Supprime toutes les anciennes dans la Cellar et dans le Cache.

# --dry-run	(ou -n)	montre ce qui va être supprimer mais n'enlève rien.
# --prune=days	supprime les fichiers du Cache plus vieux que <days> jours.

Desinstaller toutes les anciennes versions:

$ brew cleanup

# (-n ou --dry-run)	voir tout ce qui sera désinstaller

Empecher la m-à-j d’un package:

$ brew pin <formula>

bruno@SilverBook:/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0$ brew pin terminal-notifier

$ brew pin php

$ brew info php
php: stable 7.4.0 (bottled) [pinned at 7.3.12]

Liste des paquets 'pinned':

$ brew list --pinned
php

Essayer de mettre-à-jour un paquet 'pinned':

$ brew upgrade -n php
Error: Not upgrading 1 pinned package:
php 7.4.0
==> No packages to upgrade

Re-permettre la m-à-j:

$ brew unpin <formula>

Liste des formules installées:

$ brew list

# --versions	affiche la verion en plus.
# --pinned		affiche les formules pinned

Afficher des infos sur une formule installée:

$ brew info <formula>

$ brew info terminal-notifier

terminal-notifier: stable 1.8.0 (bottled), HEAD

Send macOS User Notifications from the command-line

https://github.com/julienXX/terminal-notifier

/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.7.1 (14 files, 2MB)

  Poured from bottle on 2016-10-19 at 07:24:46

/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0 (5 files, 99.8KB) *

  Poured from bottle on 2017-08-12 at 20:20:48

From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/terminal-notifier.rb

==> Requirements

Build: xcode ✔

Required: macOS >= 10.8 ✔

Description d'une formule:

$ brew desc <formula>

$ brew desc httpd
httpd: Apache HTTP server

Afficher les options d'une formule:

$ brew options <formula>

$ brew options php72
 --with-argon2
	Include libargon2 password hashing support
 --with-cgi
	Enable building of the CGI executable (implies --without-fpm)
 --with-debug
	Compile with debugging symbols
	
# --compact		sur une seule ligne

Chercher une formule (avec description):

$ brew search --desc <formula>

$ brew search --desc pdf

briss: Crop PDF files

diff-pdf: Visually compare two PDF files

Activer une autre version:

$ brew switch <formula>

bruno@SilverBook:/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0$ brew switch terminal-notifier 1.7.1

Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.7.1

Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0

1 links created for /usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.7.1

Installer une ancienne version d'une formule:

Exemple avec annie, un téléchargeur de vidéo. La version courante est la dernière (0.9.6)

~ master*
❯ annie -v

annie: version 0.9.6, A fast, simple and clean video downloader.

~ master*
❯ cd "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)"

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
❯ git log Formula/annie.rb
commit 377c142a619f2b2563c4c01b06f2560707fa3228
Author: BrewTestBot <homebrew-test-bot@lists.sfconservancy.org>
Date:   Fri Nov 8 10:23:24 2019 +0000

    annie: update 0.9.6 bottle.

commit e3201eb44c3eade6f113f616b67315ae13f5a70b
Author: iawia002 <xuxinzhao@caicloud.io>
Date:   Fri Nov 8 18:15:49 2019 +0800

    annie 0.9.6

    Closes #46491.

    Signed-off-by: Rui Chen <rchen@meetup.com>

commit ef762f724ce45afb0007f7d3b96a8f10ceeb3b58
Author: BrewTestBot <homebrew-test-bot@lists.sfconservancy.org>
Date:   Fri Oct 11 21:56:45 2019 +0000

    annie: update 0.9.5 bottle.

commit 249669ab6a53335d85d8973c8e82f182903434ca
Author: BrewTestBot <homebrew-test-bot@lists.sfconservancy.org>
Date:   Tue Aug 13 14:30:19 2019 +0000

    annie: update 0.9.5 bottle.

commit 5fa1c6903f84cc22c2cbed751de6125cab4fe214
Author: iawia002 <xuxinzhao@caicloud.io>
Date:   Tue Aug 13 22:22:21 2019 +0800

    annie 0.9.5

    Closes #43069.

    Signed-off-by: Thierry Moisan <thierry.moisan@gmail.com>

Création d'une nouvelle branche pour l'ancienne version:

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master 19s
❯ git checkout -b annie-0.9.5 ef762f724ce45afb0007f7d3b96a8f10ceeb3b58
Basculement sur la nouvelle branche 'annie-0.9.5'

Unlink la version courante:

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
❯ brew unlink annie
Unlinking /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6... 1 symlinks removed

Installation de la version 0.9.5:

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
❯ HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install annie
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/annie-0.9.5.catalina.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/06/06ff55a2834ad01a262b66f181a8c99800157ec0f465f80e0cc3518be7ebd1da?__gda__=exp=1575195423~hmac=edc063962f1a5b12a715444b0f1eff
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring annie-0.9.5.catalina.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.5: 5 files, 8.6MB

L'ancienne version 0.9.5 est bien active:

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
❯ annie -v

annie: version 0.9.5, A fast, simple and clean video downloader.

Retour sur la branche 'master'

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
❯ git checkout master
Basculement sur la branche 'master'
Votre branche est à jour avec 'origin/master'.

Suppression de l'ancienne branche 0.9.5

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
❯ git branch -d annie-0.9.5
Branche annie-0.9.5 supprimée (précédemment ef762f72).

Liste des versions installés:

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
❯ brew list annie --versions
annie 0.9.6 0.9.5

Info sur la formule 'annie'

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
❯ brew info annie
annie: stable 0.9.6 (bottled)
Fast, simple and clean video downloader
https://github.com/iawia002/annie
/usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.5 (5 files, 8.6MB) *
  Poured from bottle on 2019-12-01 at 11:05:06
/usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6 (5 files, 8.6MB)
  Poured from bottle on 2019-12-01 at 10:57:11
From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/annie.rb

Changement de version:

/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
❯ brew switch annie 0.9.6
Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6
Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.5
1 links created for /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6

Configurer (arguments) une formule:

$ brew edit <formula>

Afficher la homepage de Homebrew:

$ brew home

Afficher la homepage de la formule:

$ brew home <formula>

Log:

$ brew log <formula>

« keg-only »

La formule est installée dans Cellar. Elle n’est pas linkée dans /usr/local (elle n'est pas appelable directement, faire /usr/local/my-command_keg-only)

Pour la linker:

$ brew link

Changer de version de PHP:

$ brew unlink php54 && brew link php53

Dépendances:

Voir les dépendances:

$ brew deps <formula>

$ brew deps httpd
apr
apr-util
boost
c-ares
jansson
jemalloc
libev
libevent
nghttp2
openssl
pcre

# --tree	Présentation comme arbre

Montrer les formules installées qui ne sont pas des dépendances d'autres formules installées:

$ brew leaves

Montrer les dépendances manquantes:

$ brew missing
$ brew missing <formula>

Dépendances inverses:

$ brew uses x264 --installed
ffmpeg

$ brew list -1 | while read cask; do echo -ne "\x1B[1;34m $cask \x1B[0m"; brew uses $cask --installed | awk '{printf(" %s ", $0)}'; echo ""; done
 ack
 aom  ffmpeg
 apr  apr-util  httpd  php  php@7.2
 .../...
 x264  ffmpeg

Outils:

Vérifier le système:

$ brew doctor

Prune (supprimer les liens symboliques morts):

$ brew prune

# --dry-run

Où va tout ce que télécharge Homebrew (cache):

$ brew --cache

/Users/bruno/Library/Caches/Homebrew

$ cd /Users/bruno/Library/Caches/Homebrew
total 2616544
drwxr-xr-x   92 bruno  staff       2944 17 jan 17:19 .
drwx------+ 194 bruno  staff       6208 18 jan 18:57 ..
drwxr-xr-x   11 bruno  staff        352 18 jan 18:54 Cask
-rw-r--r--    1 bruno  staff     400053 28 oct 08:20 apr-1.6.3.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--    1 bruno  staff     242481  3 nov 02:01 apr-util-1.6.1_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--    1 bruno  staff   88679443 19 déc 10:23 boost-1.66.0.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--    1 bruno  staff       3434 16 déc 20:15 brew-pip-0.4.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--    1 bruno  staff   12310915 21 nov 13:01 cmake-3.10.0.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

Affiche le chemin de Cellar:

$ brew --Cellar
/usr/local/Cellar

$ brew --Cellar httpd
/usr/local/Cellar/httpd

Sauvegarder sa configuration Homebrew:

Liste des packages, taps et casks installés:

$ brew tap Homebrew/bundle
$ brew bundle dump

Ceci crée un fichier Brewfile que l'on peut éditer.

tap 'homebrew/php'
brew 'homebrew/php/php71', args: ['with-imap']
brew 'shpotify'
cask 'spotify'

Restaurer sa configuration:

# Se positionner dans le répertoire contenant le fichier Brewfile

$ brew bundle

Services:

Liste des services gérés par brew services:

bruno@SilverBook:~$ brew services list

Name    Status  User  Plist

mariadb started bruno /Users/bruno/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mariadb.plist

php71   started bruno /Users/bruno/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php71.plist

httpd   started root  /Library/LaunchDaemons/homebrew.mxcl.httpd.plist

Lancer au démarrage:

$ brew services start mysql

Démarrer (pas au boot):

$ brew services run mysql

Arrêter le service:

$ brew services stop mysql

Redémarrer le service:

$ brew services restart mysql

Taps (third-party repositories):

:fa-link: brew tap rajoute des repositories à brew

Liste les repos tapped:

$ brew tap
caskroom/cask
homebrew/apache
homebrew/core
homebrew/dupes
homebrew/php
homebrew/services
homebrew/versions
tideways/profiler
vapor/tap

Les tap sont situés là:

bruno@silverbook:/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps$ ls
caskroom	homebrew	tideways	vapor

Ajouter un repo:

$ brew tap <tapname>

Supprimer un repo:

$ brew untap <tapname>

Commandes externes:

brew caveats:

Affiche les avertissements pour toutes les formules installées.

$ brew tap zgracem/caveats
$ brew caveats

==> libtool
In order to prevent conflicts with Apple's own libtool we have prepended a "g"
so, you have instead: glibtool and glibtoolize.
==> lua
You may also want luarocks:
  brew install luarocks
==> mariadb
A "/etc/my.cnf" from another install may interfere with a Homebrew-built
server starting up correctly.

MySQL is configured to only allow connections from localhost by default

To connect:
    mysql -uroot

To have launchd start mariadb now and restart at login:
  brew services start mariadb
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  mysql.server start
==> mono
To use the assemblies from other formulae you need to set:
  export MONO_GAC_PREFIX="/usr/local"

Environnement:

  • HOMEBREW_AUTO_UPDATE_SECS: If set, Homebrew will only check for autoupdates once per this seconds interval.

    Default: 300.

  • HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN: A personal access token for the GitHub API, used by Homebrew for features such as brew search. You can create one at https://github.com/settings/tokens. If set, GitHub will allow you a greater number of API requests. For more information, see: https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting

    Note: Homebrew doesn’t require permissions for any of the scopes.

  • HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE: If set, Homebrew will not auto-update before running brew install, brew upgrade or brew tap.

  • HOMEBREW_VERBOSE: If set, Homebrew always assumes --verbose when running commands.

coreutils (GNU Tools)

Installer la version GNU des outils lignes de commande (OSX utilise la version BSD):

$ brew install coreutils

Les outils GNU sont préfixés par la lettre g (gls, gcat, gchmod...), permettant d'utiliser également leur pendant BSD (ls, cat, chmod...)

Les outils GNU sont installés dans /usr/local/bin/

Un alias sans le préfixe g est crée dans /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin/

On peut ajouter le dossier /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin dans le $PATH. Les outils GNU sont alors disponibles sans préfixe, à la place des outils BSD.

De même pour les man (MANPATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnuman:$MANPATH")

# AVEC PATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"

❯ which ls
/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin/ls

❯ which gls
/usr/local/bin/gls
(gls -> ../Cellar/coreutils/8.31/bin/gls)

❯ which /bin/ls
/bin/ls

❯ ls --version
ls (GNU coreutils) 8.31

❯ gls --version
ls (GNU coreutils) 8.31


# SANS PATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"

❯ which ls
/bin/ls

❯ which gls
/usr/local/bin/gls

❯ which /bin/ls
/bin/ls

❯ ls --version
ls: illegal option -- -

❯ gls --version
ls (GNU coreutils) 8.31

findutils (GNU Tools)

Comprend les versions GNU de find, locate, xargs (pas de updatedb dans osx )

$ brew install findutils

# SANS PATH="/usr/local/opt/findutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"

$ which find
/usr/bin/find

$ which gfind
/usr/local/bin/gfind

$ gfind --version
find (GNU findutils) 4.7.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written by Eric B. Decker, James Youngman, and Kevin Dalley.
Features enabled: D_TYPE O_NOFOLLOW(enabled) LEAF_OPTIMISATION FTS(FTS_CWDFD) CBO(level=2)

Ajouter PATH="/usr/local/opt/findutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH" et PATH="/usr/local/opt/findutils/libexec/gnuman:$PATH" au $PATH pour accéder aux commandes sans le préfixe g.

Autres paquets GNU:

Erreurs:

`require': cannot load such file -- active_support/core_ext/object/blank (LoadError)

# Erreur sur chaque commande brew...

% brew doctor
Traceback (most recent call last):
	4: from /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/brew.rb:23:in `<main>'
	3: from /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/brew.rb:23:in `require_relative'
	2: from /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/global.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
	1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- active_support/core_ext/object/blank (LoadError)

Lancer brew update-reset pour réparer:

% brew update-reset
==> Fetching /usr/local/Homebrew...
remote: Enumerating objects: 38, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (38/38), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (31/31), done.
remote: Total 38 (delta 5), reused 31 (delta 2), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (38/38), done.
From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew

 * [new branch]          dependabot/bundler/Library/Homebrew/rubocop-rspec-1.37.0 -> origin/dependabot/bundler/Library/Homebrew/rubocop-rspec-1.37.0

==> Resetting /usr/local/Homebrew...
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
Reset branch 'master'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

==> Fetching /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/getantibody/homebrew-tap...

==> Resetting /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/getantibody/homebrew-tap...
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
Reset branch 'master'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

Cask:

:fa-link: Homebrew-Cask

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