232 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
232 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
# Dictionnaire
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Un dictionnaire est une sorte de liste, mais qui utilise des clés à la place des index.
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C'est une collection **non ordonnée**, **modifiable** et **indexée**.
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##### Créer un dictionnaire:
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```python
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>>> dict = {}
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>>> type(dict)
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<class 'dict'>
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```
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```python
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>>> un_dict = {
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... "marque": "Ford",
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... "modele": "Mustang",
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... "annee": 1964
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... }
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>>> un_dict
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{'marque': 'Ford', 'modele': 'Mustang', 'annee': 1964}
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```
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```python
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# Constructor dict()
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>>> un_dict = dict(marque="Ford", modele="Mustang", annee=1964)
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>>> un_dict
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{'marque': 'Ford', 'modele': 'Mustang', 'annee': 1964}
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```
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##### Accéder à un item:
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```python
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>>> un_dict = dict(marque="Ford", modele="Mustang", annee=1964)
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>>> un_dict
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{'marque': 'Ford', 'modele': 'Mustang', 'annee': 1964}
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```
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```python
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>>> x = un_dict["modele"]
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>>> x
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'Mustang'
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```
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```python
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>>> x = un_dict.get("modele")
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>>> x
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'Mustang'
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```
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##### Récupérer une valeur (get):
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```python
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>>> dict = {'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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>>>
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>>> dict.get("language")
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'python'
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>>> dict.get("os", "pas de clé os")
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'pas de clé os'
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```
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##### Modifier une valeur:
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```python
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>>> un_dict = dict(marque="Ford", modele="Mustang", annee=1964)
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>>> un_dict["annee"] = 1965
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>>> un_dict
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{'marque': 'Ford', 'modele': 'Mustang', 'annee': 1965}
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```
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##### Y ajouter des valeurs:
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```python
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>>> dict["language"] = "python"
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>>> dict["version"] = "3.7"
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>>> dict
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{'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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```
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##### Vérifier la présence d'une clé (in):
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```python
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>>> "language" in dict
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True
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```
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##### Supprimer une entrée (del):
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```python
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>>> del dict["version"]
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>>> print(dict)
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{'language': 'python'}
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```
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##### Supprimer une entrée (pop):
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```python
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>>> dict.pop("version")
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'3.7'
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>>> dict
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{'language': 'python'}
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```
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##### Supprimer la dernière entrée (popitem):
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```python
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>>> dict["version"] = "3.7"
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>>> dict["type"] = "interpreté"
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>>> dict
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{'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7', 'type': 'interprete'}
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>>> dict.popitem()
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('type', 'interprete')
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>>> dict
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{'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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```
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##### Supprimer un dictionnaire (del):
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```python
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>>> un_dict = {'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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>>> del un_dict
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>>> un_dict
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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NameError: name 'un_dict' is not defined
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```
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##### Vider un dictionnaire (clear):
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```python
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>>> un_dict = {'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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>>> un_dict.clear()
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>>> un_dict
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{}
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```
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##### Récupérer les clés par une boucle (keys):
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```python
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>>> for cle in dict.keys():
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... print(cle)
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...
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language
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version
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>>> for cle in dict:
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... print(cle)
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...
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language
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version
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```
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##### Récupérer les valeurs par une boucle (values):
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```python
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>>> for valeur in dict.values():
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... print(valeur)
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...
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python
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3.7
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>>> for val in dict:
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... print(dict[val])
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...
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python
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3.7
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```
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##### Récupérer les clés et les valeurs par une boucle (items):
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```python
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>>> for cle, valeur in dict.items():
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... print(cle, valeur)
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...
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language python
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version 3.7
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```
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Vérifier si une clé existe dans un dictionnaire:
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```python
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>>> dict = {'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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>>> if "language" in dict:
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... print("'language' est dans dict")
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...
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'language' est dans dict
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```
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Longueur d'un dictionnaire:
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```python
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>>> dict = {'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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>>> print(len(dict))
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2
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```
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##### Copier un dictionnaire (copy):
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```python
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>>> autre_dict = dict.copy()
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>>> autre_dict
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{'language': 'python', 'version': '3.7'}
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```
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#### Méthodes:
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| Méthode | Description |
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| ------------ | ----------- |
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| clear() | |
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| copy() | |
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| fromkeys() | |
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| get() | |
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| items() | |
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| keys() | |
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| pop() | |
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| popitem() | |
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| setdefault() | |
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| update() | |
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| values() | |
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