291 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
291 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
# Environnement virtuel en Python (> 3.3)
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### venv
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On crée un dossier pour regrouper tous les environnements virtuels:
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```bash
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$ cd
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$ mkdir venv
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$ cd venv
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```
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On crée l'environnement virtuel 'tuto-virtuel-env':
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```bash
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$ python -m venv tuto-virtuel-env
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$ cd tuto-virtuel-env/
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total 8
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drwxr-xr-x 6 bruno staff 192 15 mar 07:29 .
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drwxr-xr-x 3 bruno staff 96 15 mar 07:29 ..
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drwxr-xr-x 12 bruno staff 384 15 mar 07:29 bin
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drwxr-xr-x 2 bruno staff 64 15 mar 07:29 include
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drwxr-xr-x 3 bruno staff 96 15 mar 07:29 lib
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 105 15 mar 07:29 pyvenv.cfg
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```
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L'environnement est crée avec la version courante de Python.
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Si plusieurs versions de Python sont installées sur le système, on peut spécifier une version particulière en exécutant `python3.x`:
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```bash
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$ python3.6 -m venv tuto-venv-py36
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```
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On peut créer un environnement sans `pip`:
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```bash
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$ python -m venv env-sans-pip --without-pip
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$ source env-sans-pip/bin/activate
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(env-sans-pip) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv$ pip
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 583, in _build_master
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```
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On l'active:
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```bash
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# Pour bash:
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$ source tuto-virtuel-env/bin/activate
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv$
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# Pour csh ou fish:
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activate.csh
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activate.fish
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```
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On lance Python:
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```bash
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv$ python
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Python 3.7.2 (default, Feb 12 2019, 08:15:36)
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[Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.5)] on darwin
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Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
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>>> import sys
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>>> sys.path
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['', '/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages', '/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python37.zip', '/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7', '/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload', '/Users/bruno/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/lib/python3.7/site-packages']
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```
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Sortir de l'environnement virtuel:
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```bash
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv$ deactivate
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bruno@SilverBook:~/venv$
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```
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Contenu de l'environnement virtuel:
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```bash
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env$ cd bin/
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total 64
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drwxr-xr-x 12 bruno staff 384 15 mar 07:29 .
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drwxr-xr-x 6 bruno staff 192 15 mar 07:29 ..
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 2234 15 mar 07:29 activate
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 1290 15 mar 07:29 activate.csh
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 2442 15 mar 07:29 activate.fish
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 bruno staff 263 15 mar 07:29 easy_install
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 bruno staff 263 15 mar 07:29 easy_install-3.7
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 bruno staff 245 15 mar 07:29 pip
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 bruno staff 245 15 mar 07:29 pip3
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 bruno staff 245 15 mar 07:29 pip3.7
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lrwxr-xr-x 1 bruno staff 51 15 mar 07:29 python -> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.2_2/libexec/bin/python
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lrwxr-xr-x 1 bruno staff 6 15 mar 07:29 python3 -> python
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin$ which pip3
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/Users/bruno/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin/pip3
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin$ which python3
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/Users/bruno/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin/python3
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```
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Mettre-à-jour `pip`, `setuptools` et installer `wheel`:
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```bash
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin$ pip3 install -U pip setuptools wheel
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```
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Installer un module avec `pip`:
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```bash
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin$ pip3 install easy-parse
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin$ pip3 freeze
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...
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docutils==0.14
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easy-parse==0.1.1
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entrypoints==0.3
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...
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(tuto-virtuel-env) bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin$ deactivate
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bruno@SilverBook:~/venv/tuto-virtuel-env/bin$ pip3 freeze
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...
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docutils==0.14
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entrypoints==0.3
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...
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```
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Le module installé dans l'environnement virtuel est disponible UNIQUEMENT dans l'environnement virtuel.
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[https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0405/](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0405/)
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[https://docs.python.org/fr/3/library/venv.html](https://docs.python.org/fr/3/library/venv.html)
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#### Virtual environnment courant:
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```python
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❯ python
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Python 3.9.6 (default, Jun 28 2021, 19:24:41)
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[Clang 12.0.5 (clang-1205.0.22.9)] on darwin
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Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
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>>> import sys
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>>> print(sys.prefix)
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/Users/bruno/Documents/venv/soco-cli
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>>> print(sys.executable)
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/Users/bruno/Documents/venv/soco-cli/bin/python
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>>>
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```
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```bash
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❯ which -a python
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/Users/bruno/Documents/venv/soco-cli/bin/python
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/usr/bin/python
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```
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### pyvenv
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#### Installer des modules pour un projet:
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```bash
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cd myproject
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pipenv install requests
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```
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### Mise-à-jour de Python dans un venv
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1. On sauvegarde les dépendances:
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```bash
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~/Documents/venv mkdocs soco-cli
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❯ source soco-cli/bin/activate
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soco-cli ❯ pip3 freeze > requirements.txt
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soco-cli ❯ deactivate
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```
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2. On supprime le venv:
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```bash
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❯ rm -rf soco-cli
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```
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3. On recrée le venv (avec la version courante de python):
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```bash
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# avec la version courante de python:
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❯ python3 -m venv soco-cli
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# avec une version précise de python:
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❯ python3.10 -m venv soco-cli
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```
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4. On met à jour les outils:
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```bash
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❯ source soco-cli/bin/activate
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soco-cli ❯ pip3 install -U pip setuptools wheel
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```
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5. On réinstalle les dépendances:
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```bash
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soco-cli ❯ pip3 install -r requirements.txt
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soco-cli ❯ deactivate
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```
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```
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❯ $HOME/Documents/venv/soco-cli/bin/soco -v
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soco-cli version: 0.4.52
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soco version: 0.28.0
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python version: 3.10.8
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command path: /Users/bruno/Documents/venv/soco-cli/bin/soco
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```
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### Installer LiveboxMonitor dans un venv
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Cloner le [dépot](https://p-dor.github.io/LiveboxMonitor/):
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```bash
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~/Downloads $ git clone https://github.com/p-dor/LiveboxMonitor.git
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```
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Créer le venv:
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```bash
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~/Documents/venv $ python -m venv liveboxmonitor
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```
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Activer le venv:
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```bash
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~/Documents/venv $ source liveboxmonitor/bin/activate
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```
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Mettre à jour:
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```bash
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~/Documents/venv liveboxmonitor ❯ pip3 install -U pip setuptools wheel
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Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./liveboxmonitor/lib/python3.10/site-packages (23.0)
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Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in ./liveboxmonitor/lib/python3.10/site-packages (67.2.0)
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Collecting setuptools
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```
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Copier LiveboxMonitor dans le venv:
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```bash
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~/Downloads/LiveboxMonitor $ cp -R * ~/Documents/venv/liveboxmonitor
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```
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Installer les dépendances:
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```bash
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~/Documents/venv/liveboxmonitor
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liveboxmonitor ❯ pip3 install -r requirements.txt
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Collecting PyQt6
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```
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Créer un exécutable avec [PyInstaller](https://pyinstaller.org/en/stable/index.html):
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```bash
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pyinstaller --paths liveboxmonitor/lib/python3.10/site-packages LiveboxMonitor.py
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# Ne marche pas: PyQt6 est installé dans /opt/homebrew/lib
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```
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55312146/how-to-include-only-needed-modules-in-pyinstaller#55312170
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