846 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
846 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# Homebrew
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**[:fa-link: https://docs.brew.sh](https://docs.brew.sh)**
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[:fa-link: formulae.brew.sh](http://braumeister.org)
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### Update Homebrew et les formules:
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```bash
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$ brew update
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```
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### Chercher les M-à-J:
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```bash
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$ brew outdated
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# --verbose
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```
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### Mettre tout à jour:
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```bash
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$ brew upgrade
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# --cleanup Met à jour et supprime les anciennes versions installées.
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```
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### Formules:
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#### Mettre à jour une formule:
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```bash
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$ brew upgrade <formula>
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# --cleanup Met à jour et supprime les anciennes versions installées.
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```
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#### Installer une formule:
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```bash
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$ brew install <formula>
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$ brew install --verbose --debug <formula>
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# --build-from-source Compile la formule depuis la source même si une bottle est disponible. Les dépendances sont installées depuis les bottles.
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```
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#### Installer une formule d’ailleurs la branche:
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```bash
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$ brew install https://raw.github.com/user/repo/branch/formula.rb
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```
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#### Reinstaller une formule depuis les sources:
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```bash
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$ brew reinstall -s <formula>
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```
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#### Desinstaller une formule:
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```bash
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$ brew uninstall <formula>
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# --force toutes les versions de la formule seront effacées
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# --ignore-dependencies desinstallera même si des dépendances restent installées
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```
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#### Desinstaller les anciennes versions d’une formule:
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```bash
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$ brew cleanup <formula>
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# Supprime toutes les anciennes dans la Cellar et dans le Cache.
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# --dry-run (ou -n) montre ce qui va être supprimer mais n'enlève rien.
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# --prune=days supprime les fichiers du Cache plus vieux que <days> jours.
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```
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#### Desinstaller toutes les anciennes versions:
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```bash
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$ brew cleanup
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# (-n ou --dry-run) voir tout ce qui sera désinstaller
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```
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#### Empecher la m-à-j d’un package:
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```bash
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$ brew pin <formula>
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```
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```bash
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bruno@SilverBook:/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0$ brew pin terminal-notifier
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```
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```bash
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$ brew pin php
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$ brew info php
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php: stable 7.4.0 (bottled) [pinned at 7.3.12]
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```
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Liste des paquets 'pinned':
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```bash
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$ brew list --pinned
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php
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```
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Essayer de mettre-à-jour un paquet 'pinned':
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```bash
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$ brew upgrade -n php
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Error: Not upgrading 1 pinned package:
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php 7.4.0
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==> No packages to upgrade
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```
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#### Re-permettre la m-à-j:
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```bash
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$ brew unpin <formula>
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```
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#### Liste des formules installées:
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```bash
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$ brew list
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# --versions affiche la verion en plus.
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# --pinned affiche les formules pinned
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```
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#### Afficher des infos sur une formule installée:
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```bash
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$ brew info <formula>
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```
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```bash
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$ brew info terminal-notifier
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terminal-notifier: stable 1.8.0 (bottled), HEAD
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Send macOS User Notifications from the command-line
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https://github.com/julienXX/terminal-notifier
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/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.7.1 (14 files, 2MB)
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Poured from bottle on 2016-10-19 at 07:24:46
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/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0 (5 files, 99.8KB) *
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Poured from bottle on 2017-08-12 at 20:20:48
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From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/terminal-notifier.rb
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==> Requirements
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Build: xcode ✔
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Required: macOS >= 10.8 ✔
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```
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#### Description d'une formule:
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```bash
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$ brew desc <formula>
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```
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```bash
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$ brew desc httpd
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httpd: Apache HTTP server
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```
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#### Afficher les options d'une formule:
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```bash
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$ brew options <formula>
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```
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```bash
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$ brew options php72
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--with-argon2
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Include libargon2 password hashing support
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--with-cgi
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Enable building of the CGI executable (implies --without-fpm)
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--with-debug
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Compile with debugging symbols
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# --compact sur une seule ligne
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```
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#### Chercher une formule (avec description):
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```bash
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$ brew search --desc <formula>
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```
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```bash
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$ brew search --desc pdf
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briss: Crop PDF files
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diff-pdf: Visually compare two PDF files
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```
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#### Activer une autre version:
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```bash
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$ brew switch <formula>
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```
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```bash
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bruno@SilverBook:/usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0$ brew switch terminal-notifier 1.7.1
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Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.7.1
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Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.8.0
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1 links created for /usr/local/Cellar/terminal-notifier/1.7.1
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```
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#### Installer une ancienne version d'une formule:
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Exemple avec [annie](https://github.com/iawia002/annie), un téléchargeur de vidéo. La version courante est la dernière (0.9.6)
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```bash
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~ master*
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❯ annie -v
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annie: version 0.9.6, A fast, simple and clean video downloader.
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```
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```bash
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~ master*
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❯ cd "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)"
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```
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
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❯ git log Formula/annie.rb
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commit 377c142a619f2b2563c4c01b06f2560707fa3228
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Author: BrewTestBot <homebrew-test-bot@lists.sfconservancy.org>
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Date: Fri Nov 8 10:23:24 2019 +0000
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annie: update 0.9.6 bottle.
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commit e3201eb44c3eade6f113f616b67315ae13f5a70b
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Author: iawia002 <xuxinzhao@caicloud.io>
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Date: Fri Nov 8 18:15:49 2019 +0800
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annie 0.9.6
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Closes #46491.
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Signed-off-by: Rui Chen <rchen@meetup.com>
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commit ef762f724ce45afb0007f7d3b96a8f10ceeb3b58
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Author: BrewTestBot <homebrew-test-bot@lists.sfconservancy.org>
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Date: Fri Oct 11 21:56:45 2019 +0000
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annie: update 0.9.5 bottle.
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commit 249669ab6a53335d85d8973c8e82f182903434ca
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Author: BrewTestBot <homebrew-test-bot@lists.sfconservancy.org>
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Date: Tue Aug 13 14:30:19 2019 +0000
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annie: update 0.9.5 bottle.
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commit 5fa1c6903f84cc22c2cbed751de6125cab4fe214
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Author: iawia002 <xuxinzhao@caicloud.io>
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Date: Tue Aug 13 22:22:21 2019 +0800
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annie 0.9.5
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Closes #43069.
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Signed-off-by: Thierry Moisan <thierry.moisan@gmail.com>
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```
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Création d'une nouvelle branche pour l'ancienne version:
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master 19s
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❯ git checkout -b annie-0.9.5 ef762f724ce45afb0007f7d3b96a8f10ceeb3b58
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Basculement sur la nouvelle branche 'annie-0.9.5'
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```
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Unlink la version courante:
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
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❯ brew unlink annie
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Unlinking /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6... 1 symlinks removed
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```
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Installation de la version 0.9.5:
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
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❯ HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install annie
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==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/annie-0.9.5.catalina.bottle.tar.gz
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==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/06/06ff55a2834ad01a262b66f181a8c99800157ec0f465f80e0cc3518be7ebd1da?__gda__=exp=1575195423~hmac=edc063962f1a5b12a715444b0f1eff
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######################################################################## 100.0%
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==> Pouring annie-0.9.5.catalina.bottle.tar.gz
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🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.5: 5 files, 8.6MB
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```
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L'ancienne version 0.9.5 est bien active:
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
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❯ annie -v
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annie: version 0.9.5, A fast, simple and clean video downloader.
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```
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Retour sur la branche 'master'
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core annie-0.9.5
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❯ git checkout master
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Basculement sur la branche 'master'
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Votre branche est à jour avec 'origin/master'.
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```
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Suppression de l'ancienne branche 0.9.5
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
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❯ git branch -d annie-0.9.5
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Branche annie-0.9.5 supprimée (précédemment ef762f72).
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```
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Liste des versions installés:
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
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❯ brew list annie --versions
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annie 0.9.6 0.9.5
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```
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Info sur la formule 'annie'
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
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❯ brew info annie
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annie: stable 0.9.6 (bottled)
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Fast, simple and clean video downloader
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https://github.com/iawia002/annie
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/usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.5 (5 files, 8.6MB) *
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Poured from bottle on 2019-12-01 at 11:05:06
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/usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6 (5 files, 8.6MB)
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Poured from bottle on 2019-12-01 at 10:57:11
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From: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/annie.rb
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```
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Changement de version:
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```bash
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/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core master
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❯ brew switch annie 0.9.6
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Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6
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Cleaning /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.5
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1 links created for /usr/local/Cellar/annie/0.9.6
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```
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#### Configurer (arguments) une formule:
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```bash
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$ brew edit <formula>
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```
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#### Afficher la homepage de Homebrew:
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```bash
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$ brew home
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```
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#### Afficher la homepage de la formule:
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```bash
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$ brew home <formula>
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```
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#### Log:
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```bash
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$ brew log <formula>
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```
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#### « keg-only »
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La formule est installée dans Cellar. Elle n’est pas linkée dans /usr/local (elle n'est pas appelable directement, faire /usr/local/my-command_keg-only)
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<u>Pour la linker:</u>
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```bash
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$ brew link
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```
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#### Changer de version de PHP:
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```bash
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$ brew unlink php54 && brew link php53
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```
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####
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### Dépendances:
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#### Voir les dépendances:
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```bash
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$ brew deps <formula>
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```
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```bash
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$ brew deps httpd
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apr
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apr-util
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boost
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c-ares
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jansson
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jemalloc
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libev
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libevent
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nghttp2
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openssl
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pcre
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# --tree Présentation comme arbre
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```
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#### Montrer les formules installées qui ne sont pas des dépendances d'autres formules installées:
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```bash
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$ brew leaves
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```
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#### Montrer les dépendances manquantes:
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```bash
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$ brew missing
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$ brew missing <formula>
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```
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#### Dépendances inverses:
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```bash
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$ brew uses x264 --installed
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ffmpeg
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```
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```bash
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$ brew list -1 | while read cask; do echo -ne "\x1B[1;34m $cask \x1B[0m"; brew uses $cask --installed | awk '{printf(" %s ", $0)}'; echo ""; done
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ack
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aom ffmpeg
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apr apr-util httpd php php@7.2
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.../...
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x264 ffmpeg
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```
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### Outils:
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#### Vérifier le système:
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```bash
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$ brew doctor
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```
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#### Prune (supprimer les liens symboliques morts):
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```bash
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$ brew prune
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# --dry-run
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```
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#### Où va tout ce que télécharge Homebrew (cache):
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```bash
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$ brew --cache
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/Users/bruno/Library/Caches/Homebrew
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```
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```bash
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$ cd /Users/bruno/Library/Caches/Homebrew
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total 2616544
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drwxr-xr-x 92 bruno staff 2944 17 jan 17:19 .
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drwx------+ 194 bruno staff 6208 18 jan 18:57 ..
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drwxr-xr-x 11 bruno staff 352 18 jan 18:54 Cask
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 400053 28 oct 08:20 apr-1.6.3.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 242481 3 nov 02:01 apr-util-1.6.1_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 88679443 19 déc 10:23 boost-1.66.0.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 3434 16 déc 20:15 brew-pip-0.4.1.tar.gz
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-rw-r--r-- 1 bruno staff 12310915 21 nov 13:01 cmake-3.10.0.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz
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```
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#### Affiche le chemin de Cellar:
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```bash
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$ brew --Cellar
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/usr/local/Cellar
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$ brew --Cellar httpd
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/usr/local/Cellar/httpd
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```
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#### Sauvegarder sa configuration Homebrew:
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Liste des packages, taps et casks installés:
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```bash
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$ brew tap Homebrew/bundle
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$ brew bundle dump
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```
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Ceci crée un fichier <u>Brewfile</u> que l'on peut éditer.
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```bash
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tap 'homebrew/php'
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brew 'homebrew/php/php71', args: ['with-imap']
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brew 'shpotify'
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cask 'spotify'
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```
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#### Restaurer sa configuration:
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```bash
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# Se positionner dans le répertoire contenant le fichier Brewfile
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$ brew bundle
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```
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### Services:
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#### Liste des services gérés par brew services:
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```bash
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bruno@SilverBook:~$ brew services list
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Name Status User Plist
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mariadb started bruno /Users/bruno/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mariadb.plist
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php71 started bruno /Users/bruno/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php71.plist
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httpd started root /Library/LaunchDaemons/homebrew.mxcl.httpd.plist
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```
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#### Lancer au démarrage:
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```bash
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$ brew services start mysql
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```
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#### Démarrer (pas au boot):
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```bash
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$ brew services run mysql
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```
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#### Arrêter le service:
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```bash
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$ brew services stop mysql
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```
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#### Redémarrer le service:
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```bash
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$ brew services restart mysql
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```
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|
||
### Taps (third-party repositories):
|
||
|
||
[:fa-link: brew tap](https://docs.brew.sh/Taps.html) rajoute des repositories à **brew**
|
||
|
||
#### Liste les repos tapped:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ brew tap
|
||
caskroom/cask
|
||
homebrew/apache
|
||
homebrew/core
|
||
homebrew/dupes
|
||
homebrew/php
|
||
homebrew/services
|
||
homebrew/versions
|
||
tideways/profiler
|
||
vapor/tap
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<u>Les tap sont situés là:</u>
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
bruno@silverbook:/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps$ ls
|
||
caskroom homebrew tideways vapor
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Ajouter un repo:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ brew tap <tapname>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Supprimer un repo:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ brew untap <tapname>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Commandes externes:
|
||
|
||
#### brew caveats:
|
||
|
||
Affiche les avertissements pour toutes les formules installées.
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ brew tap zgracem/caveats
|
||
$ brew caveats
|
||
|
||
==> libtool
|
||
In order to prevent conflicts with Apple's own libtool we have prepended a "g"
|
||
so, you have instead: glibtool and glibtoolize.
|
||
==> lua
|
||
You may also want luarocks:
|
||
brew install luarocks
|
||
==> mariadb
|
||
A "/etc/my.cnf" from another install may interfere with a Homebrew-built
|
||
server starting up correctly.
|
||
|
||
MySQL is configured to only allow connections from localhost by default
|
||
|
||
To connect:
|
||
mysql -uroot
|
||
|
||
To have launchd start mariadb now and restart at login:
|
||
brew services start mariadb
|
||
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
|
||
mysql.server start
|
||
==> mono
|
||
To use the assemblies from other formulae you need to set:
|
||
export MONO_GAC_PREFIX="/usr/local"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Environnement:
|
||
|
||
- `HOMEBREW_AUTO_UPDATE_SECS`: If set, Homebrew will only check for autoupdates once per this seconds interval.
|
||
|
||
*Default:* `300`.
|
||
|
||
- `HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN`: A personal access token for the GitHub API, used by Homebrew for features such as `brew search`. You can create one at https://github.com/settings/tokens. If set, GitHub will allow you a greater number of API requests. For more information, see: https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting
|
||
|
||
*Note:* Homebrew doesn’t require permissions for any of the scopes.
|
||
|
||
- `HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE`: If set, Homebrew will not auto-update before running `brew install`, `brew upgrade` or `brew tap`.
|
||
|
||
- `HOMEBREW_VERBOSE`: If set, Homebrew always assumes `--verbose` when running commands.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### coreutils (GNU Tools)
|
||
|
||
Installer la version GNU des outils lignes de commande (OSX utilise la version BSD):
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ brew install coreutils
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Les outils GNU sont préfixés par la lettre **g** (**g**ls, **g**cat, **g**chmod...), permettant d'utiliser également leur pendant BSD (ls, cat, chmod...)
|
||
|
||
*Les outils GNU sont installés dans /usr/local/bin/*
|
||
|
||
*Un alias sans le préfixe **g** est crée dans /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin/*
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
On peut ajouter le dossier /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin dans le $PATH. Les outils GNU sont alors disponibles sans préfixe, à la place des outils BSD.
|
||
|
||
De même pour les man (`MANPATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnuman:$MANPATH"`)
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# AVEC PATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"
|
||
|
||
❯ which ls
|
||
/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin/ls
|
||
|
||
❯ which gls
|
||
/usr/local/bin/gls
|
||
(gls -> ../Cellar/coreutils/8.31/bin/gls)
|
||
|
||
❯ which /bin/ls
|
||
/bin/ls
|
||
|
||
❯ ls --version
|
||
ls (GNU coreutils) 8.31
|
||
|
||
❯ gls --version
|
||
ls (GNU coreutils) 8.31
|
||
|
||
|
||
# SANS PATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"
|
||
|
||
❯ which ls
|
||
/bin/ls
|
||
|
||
❯ which gls
|
||
/usr/local/bin/gls
|
||
|
||
❯ which /bin/ls
|
||
/bin/ls
|
||
|
||
❯ ls --version
|
||
ls: illegal option -- -
|
||
|
||
❯ gls --version
|
||
ls (GNU coreutils) 8.31
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### findutils (GNU Tools)
|
||
|
||
Comprend les versions GNU de *find, locate, xargs* (pas de updatedb dans osx )
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
$ brew install findutils
|
||
|
||
# SANS PATH="/usr/local/opt/findutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"
|
||
|
||
$ which find
|
||
/usr/bin/find
|
||
|
||
$ which gfind
|
||
/usr/local/bin/gfind
|
||
|
||
$ gfind --version
|
||
find (GNU findutils) 4.7.0
|
||
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
||
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
|
||
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
|
||
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
|
||
|
||
Written by Eric B. Decker, James Youngman, and Kevin Dalley.
|
||
Features enabled: D_TYPE O_NOFOLLOW(enabled) LEAF_OPTIMISATION FTS(FTS_CWDFD) CBO(level=2)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Ajouter `PATH="/usr/local/opt/findutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"` et `PATH="/usr/local/opt/findutils/libexec/gnuman:$PATH"` au $PATH pour accéder aux commandes sans le préfixe **g**.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<u>Autres paquets GNU:</u>
|
||
|
||
- gnu-getopt (keg-only)
|
||
- gnutls
|
||
- grep (ggrep)(`PATH="/usr/local/opt/grep/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"`)
|
||
- moreutils (https://joeyh.name/code/moreutils/)
|
||
- gnu-sed
|
||
- gawk
|
||
- gnu-tar
|
||
- ...
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Erreurs:
|
||
|
||
**`require': cannot load such file -- active_support/core_ext/object/blank (LoadError)**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# Erreur sur chaque commande brew...
|
||
|
||
% brew doctor
|
||
Traceback (most recent call last):
|
||
4: from /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/brew.rb:23:in `<main>'
|
||
3: from /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/brew.rb:23:in `require_relative'
|
||
2: from /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Homebrew/global.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
|
||
1: from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
|
||
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require': cannot load such file -- active_support/core_ext/object/blank (LoadError)
|
||
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Lancer **brew update-reset** pour réparer:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
% brew update-reset
|
||
==> Fetching /usr/local/Homebrew...
|
||
remote: Enumerating objects: 38, done.
|
||
remote: Counting objects: 100% (38/38), done.
|
||
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (31/31), done.
|
||
remote: Total 38 (delta 5), reused 31 (delta 2), pack-reused 0
|
||
Unpacking objects: 100% (38/38), done.
|
||
From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
|
||
|
||
* [new branch] dependabot/bundler/Library/Homebrew/rubocop-rspec-1.37.0 -> origin/dependabot/bundler/Library/Homebrew/rubocop-rspec-1.37.0
|
||
|
||
==> Resetting /usr/local/Homebrew...
|
||
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
|
||
Reset branch 'master'
|
||
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
|
||
|
||
==> Fetching /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/getantibody/homebrew-tap...
|
||
|
||
==> Resetting /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/getantibody/homebrew-tap...
|
||
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.
|
||
Reset branch 'master'
|
||
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Cask:
|
||
|
||
### [:fa-link: Homebrew-Cask](brew-cask.md) |