308 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
308 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
# Python 3
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Python 3 peut s'installer avec Homebrew:
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```bash
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$ brew install python3
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```
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Les extensions Python 3 s'installent dans `/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/` (Intel) ou `/opt/homebrew/lib/python3.9/site-packages/` (Arm)
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Pour lancer un script Python 3:
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```bash
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$ python3 script.py
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```
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Pour que python pointe sur Python 3 (homebrew), rajouter ceci à .bash_profile:
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```bash
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export PATH=/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH
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```
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Pip est installé d'origine avec Python 3. On le lance avec la commande **pip3**:
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```bash
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$ pip list --outdated --format=columns
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$ pip install mkdocs
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```
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Installation utilisateur:
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```bash
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$ python3 -m site --user-base
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/Users/bruno/Library/Python/3.7
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```
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### Pipenv
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#### Outil qui remplace pip et virtualenv
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https://github.com/pypa/pipenv
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[Docs](https://pipenv.pypa.io/en/latest/)
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### Pyenv
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#### Python Version Management
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https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv
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### Venv (Pyvenv)
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#### Outil pour créer un environnement virtuel
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Fournit avec Python (>= 3.4). Similaire à virtualenv.
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### Passage de Python 3.7 à 3.8:
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Erreur avec pip3:
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```bash
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$ pip3 list --outdated --format columns
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zsh: /usr/local/bin/pip3: bad interpreter: /usr/local/opt/python/bin/python3.7: no such file or directory
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```
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```bash
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$ pip3 -V
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zsh: /usr/local/bin/pip3: bad interpreter: /usr/local/opt/python/bin/python3.7: no such file or directory
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pip 19.0.3 from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
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```
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Il faut donc mettre à jour pip3:
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```bash
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$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
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% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
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Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
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100 1825k 100 1825k 0 0 2692k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2688k
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$ python3 get-pip.py
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Collecting pip
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Using cached pip-20.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
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Installing collected packages: pip
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Attempting uninstall: pip
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Found existing installation: pip 20.0.2
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Uninstalling pip-20.0.2:
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Successfully uninstalled pip-20.0.2
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Successfully installed pip-20.1.1
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```
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```bash
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$ pip3 -V
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pip 20.1.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
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```
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### idle:
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**idle** est l'éditeur par défaut de Python
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Pour le lancer depuis le shell:
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```bash
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$ idle
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```
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[Python et tcl/tk versions](https://discussions.apple.com/thread/8066794)
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Python 3 utilise la bibliothèque Tcl/Tk fournie par macOS (8.5.9).
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Pour utiliser une version plus récente (8.6.8) de la bibliothèque :
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```bash
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$ brew install tcl-tk
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$ brew reinstall python3 --with-tcl-tk
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```
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#### jupyter:
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[jupyter](https://jupyter.org/) est une web application qui permet de créer et partager des documents contenant du live-code...
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Installer:
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```bash
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$ pip install jupyter
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```
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Démarrer:
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```bash
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$ jupyter notebook
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```
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### Modules:
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#### Global
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```bash
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$ pip install <module>
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```
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Les modules s'installent dans `/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages` :
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Liste des modules:
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```bash
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$ pip freeze
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appnope==0.1.0
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asgiref==3.2.3
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backcall==0.1.0
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```
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#### Local
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```bash
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$ pip install --user <module>
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```
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Les modules s'installent dans `/Users/bruno/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/` :
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Liste des modules:
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```bash
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$ pip freeze --user
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Click==7.0
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tornado==6.0.3
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```
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#### Rechercher un module
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[PyPI - the Python Package Index](https://pypi.python.org/pypi)
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```bash
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$ pip3 search mkdocs-pdf-export-plugin
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mkdocs-pdf-export-plugin (0.5.5) - An MkDocs plugin to export content pages as PDF files
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INSTALLED: 0.5.5 (latest)
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mkdocs-mk2pdf-plugin (0.1.5) - An MkDocs plugin to export content pages as PDF files
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INSTALLED: 0.1.5 (latest)
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mkdocs-autolinks-plugin (0.2.0) - An MkDocs plugin
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mkdocs-with-pdf (0.1.0) - Generate a single PDF file from MkDocs repository
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```
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#### Mkdocs
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Il faut installer Mkdocs avec pip dans --user
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```bash
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$ pip install --user mkdocs
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```
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Mkdocs s'installe dans `/Users/bruno/Library/Python/3.7/bin` :
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```bash
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~/Library/Python/3.7/bin$ ./mkdocs --version
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mkdocs, version 1.0.4 from /Users/bruno/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/mkdocs (Python 3.7)
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```
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On peut ajouter le chemin au $PATH, en ajoutant la ligne suivante au .zshrc ou .bash_profile:
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```bash
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export PATH=/Users/bruno/Library/Python/3.7/bin:$PATH
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```
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On installe de la même manière le thème [Material](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/getting-started/):
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```bash
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$ pip install --user mkdocs-material
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```
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#### Django
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[Installer Django](Django.md)
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#### Problème à l'installation
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Erreur lors de l’install de python3 avec Homebrew:
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```bash
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bruno@HackiMac:/usr/local/bin$ brew install python3
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==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/python-3.7.0.high_sierra.bottle.3.tar.gz
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Already downloaded: /Users/bruno/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/d76c2354ae237f190a868bb74f28d606b88cce724222bafa114e91cd8a1462d5--python-3.7.0.high_sierra.bottle.3.tar.gz
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==> Pouring python-3.7.0.high_sierra.bottle.3.tar.gz
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Error: An unexpected error occurred during the `brew link` step
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The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
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Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks
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Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks
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```
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Solution:
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```bash
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sudo mkdir /usr/local/Frameworks
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sudo chown $(whoami):admin /usr/local/Frameworks
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```
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#### Python@39: Error: The brew link step did not complete successfully
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```bash
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==> Pouring python@3.9-3.9.1_4.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
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Error: The `brew link` step did not complete successfully
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The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
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Could not symlink bin/easy_install-3.9
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Target /usr/local/bin/easy_install-3.9
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already exists. You may want to remove it:
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rm '/usr/local/bin/easy_install-3.9'
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To force the link and overwrite all conflicting files:
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brew link --overwrite python@3.9
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To list all files that would be deleted:
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brew link --overwrite --dry-run python@3.9
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Possible conflicting files are:
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/usr/local/bin/easy_install-3.9
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/usr/local/bin/pip3
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/usr/local/bin/pip3.9
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```
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```bash
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$ brew link --overwrite --dry-run python@3.9
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# puis
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$ rm '/usr/local/bin/easy_install-3.9'
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$ brew link --overwrite python@3.9
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```
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